Folio 2 Recto

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Der Kommentarinhalt des Originaltextes von Jikji ist in englischer Sprache verfasst.

Click the number in the image to see details on composition analysis and explanation.

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  • 1 Since the first sheet (first two pages) is missing, the second volume of Jikji starts from the second sheet (page 3). It is unclear whether the first sheet was intentionally removed when the book was enshrined as bokjangmul (服裝物), a sacred object placed inside a Buddhist statue, or torn off after the book was removed from the statue. The upper left and right corners of the page exhibit reddish stains caused by the absorption of resin over an extensive time.

    This page is more worn than the others. As for print quality, color shades are not uniform across characters due to uneven typesetting. Some characters feature strokes later added with a writing brush. A line drawn with a writing brush can be seen in the outer margin near the bottom of the page.
  • 2 “Coréen 109,” or Korean 109, is a serial number assigned by the National Library of France.
  • 3 The entire character was written with a writing brush.
  • 4
    Commentary
    DazhuHuihai (大珠慧海) was a Chan master of China’s Tang Dynasty. He was well known even among Seon (the Korean version of Chan Buddhism) practitioners in Korea. His real name was Huihai (慧海). He was tonsured by a certain Daozhi (道智) at Dayun Temple (大雲寺) in Yuezhou (越州). His renowned book Treatise on the Essentials for Entering the Way through Sudden Awakening (頓悟入道要門論) is a canonical work in Chan Buddhism, with a clear exposition of his ideas. After meeting and exchanging some questions and answers with Chan Master MazuDaoyi (馬祖道一, 709–788), Dazhu achieved sudden awakening and became the former’s disciple.

    In his work, Dazhu explained the gist of “Entering the Way through Sudden Awakening” (頓悟入道), based on his six-year experience of Chan practice and awakening under MazuDaoyi. According to him, freedom can only be achieved through “sudden awakening”(頓悟). Here, “sudden” (頓) refers to the elimination of delusional thoughts all at once, and “awakening” (悟) the realization that “there is nothing to be attained” (無所得). He argues that seated meditation is the most important factor in achieving sudden awakening. Dazhu uses plain sentences without resorting to esoteric expressions. Yet, his work conveys in-depth understanding of Buddhism and profound Chan experiences.

    His book mentions a wide range of sutras, in particular the Vimalakirti Sutra and the Diamond Sutra. Also mentioned are the Nirvana Sutra, Avatamsaka Sutra and the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana. This suggests that the author centered himself around the sunyata doctrine.
  • 5
    經 (gyeong): 10 types, 28 characters
    Notation under the image
    Chapter No.-Front a, Back b-Row-Column
    Zoom in on an Image
    • ❶

      There are strokes added using a writing brush

    • ②

      Depending on the printing, the blackness of each character varies. Here, the characteristics of movable metal type printing are clearly shown. The “speckle phenomenon,” which occurs when ink is not properly rubbed onto metal types, is also apparent.

    • ⑦

      Here, irregular typesetting has caused the intrusion of strokes from the upper/lower characters.

  • 6 A line was drawn with a writing brush in the outer margin near the bottom of the page.
  • 7 “Don 9832” is a serial number added when Jikji was donated in the will of Henry Vever to the National Library of France. “Don” means donation in French, and the library assigned the book the number 9832 at the time of its donation. However, the library catalog has it as 9822 instead of 9832.
  • 8 This is an ownership mark stamped by the Richelieu Library (National Library of France), the current home of Jikji.
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